Chapter 2 Radiation Exposure
Exposure routes and types of exposure; Units of radiation and measurement and calculation methods; Various types of radiation around us
2.1 Exposure Routes Section Download Slides Download
- Internal and External Exposure
- Various Forms of Exposure
- External Exposure and Skin
- Internal Exposure
- Internal Exposure and Radioactive Materials
2.2 Nuclear Disaster Section Download Slides Download
- International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale
- Effects of Reactor Accidents
- Products in Nuclear Reactors
- Radioactive Materials Derived from Nuclear Accidents
- Comparison of Estimated Amounts of Released Radionuclides between the Chornobyl NPS Accident and the TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi NPS Accidents
- Comparison between the Chornobyl NPS Accident and the TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi NPS Accident
2.3 Units of Radiation Section Download Slides Download
- Becquerel and Sievert
- Origin of Sievert
- Relationship between Units
- Conversion from Gray to Sievert
- Various Factors
- Calculation of Equivalent Dose and Effective Dose
- Concepts of Doses: Physical Quantities, Protection Quantities and Operational Quantities
- Dose Equivalents: Measurable Operational Quantities for Deriving Effective Doses
- Difference between Values of Effective Dose and Dose Equivalent
- Doses in Units of Sieverts
2.4 Dose Measurement and Calculation Section Download Slides Download
- Various Measuring Instruments
- Principles of Radiation Measurement
- Detection Limit
- Ideas on Detection Limits (3σ Method)
- Instruments for Measuring External Exposure
- Methods of Measuring Doses
- Characteristics of External Exposure Doses
- External Exposure (Measurement)
- Measurement of Environmental Radiation and Radioactivity
- Shielding and Reduction Coefficient
- Additional Exposure Doses after an Accident (Example of Calculation)
- Calculation of Internal Exposure Doses
- Committed Effective Doses
- Conversion Factors to Effective Doses
- Exposure Doses from Foods (Example of Calculation)
- Measuring Methods for Estimating the Intake of Radioactivity
- Instruments for Measuring Internal Exposure
- Data on Internal Exposure Measured by Direct Counting
- Radioactivity in the Body and Dose Assessment
2.5 Radiation around Us Section Download Slides Download
- Exposure Dose from Natural and Artificial Radiation
- Comparison of Exposure Doses per Hour
- Comparison of Exposure Doses per Year
- Breakdown of Natural Exposure Doses (Japanese)
- Ground Radiation (World)
- Ground Radiation (Japan)
- Results of the Measurements of Ambient Dose Rates in Major Cities
- Indoor Radon
- Internal Exposure to Radon and Thoron through Inhalation
- Generation of Radon Gas from Solid Radium
- Natural Radioactive Materials in the Body and Foods
- Visualized Radiation
- Changes in Cesium-137 Concentrations in Foods over Time since before the Accident
- Radiation Doses from Medical Diagnosis
- Comparison of Exposure Doses (Simplified Chart)
- Effects of Radioactive Fallout due to Atmospheric Nuclear Testing
- Characteristics of Tritium
- Amount of Tritium Existing in Nature
- Changes in Tritium in Radioactive Fallout over Time