Quality of the Environment in Japan 1995
contents
- Preface
- PartI
- Chapter1. The Growth of Civilization and Global Environmental Issues
- Chapter2. Sustainable Development in the Asia-Pacific Region
- Chapter3. Japan's Environmental Stock as Viewed from the Next Generation
- Section1. Japan's Environment as Viewed in Soil
- Section2. Japan's Natural Environment as Seen in High Human Impact Areas and Countryside Areas
- 1. Natural Characteristics and Conditions of the High Human Impact and Countryside Areas
- 2. Nature in High Human Impact and Countryside Areas that is Maintained within Human Activities
- 3. Boosting Awareness of Desires to Seek Contact with Nature
- 4. New Efforts toward Coexistence with Nature in High Human Impact and Countryside Areas
- Section3. Environmental Effects of Global Warming
- Chapter4. Developing Highly Effective Environmental Policies for a Sustainable Future
- Section1. Viewpoints that Boost the Effectiveness of Environmental Policy
- Section2. Environment and Trade
- Section3. Environment and Market
- Section4. Environment and Information
- Section5. New Measures of Local Governments, Consumers and Businesses and Their Cooperation
- Section6. The Basic Environment Plan Linked to a Sustainable Future
- Chapter5. The Current State of the Environment
- Section1. Current State of Atmosphere
- Section2. Current State of Water Quality
- Section3. Soil Environment and Ground Environment
- Section4. The Situation of Waste Management
- Section5. State of Natural Environment
- Section6. The Status of the Diversity of Wildlife
- Section7. Contact with Nature
- Section8. The Status of Othor Aspects of the Environment
- Section9. The Status of Participation in Action related to Environmental Conservation
- Section10. The Influence on the Environment of the Hanshia-Awaji Great Earthquake
- Final Remarks
- PartII
- Chapter6. Comprehensive Promotion of Environmental Administration
- Section1. Basic Environment Plan
- Section2. Summary of Expenditure for Environmental Conservation
- Section3. Promotion of Environmental Impact Assessment
- Section4. Promotion of Regional Environmental Conservation
- Section5. Promotion of Regional Environmental Pollution Control Program
- Section6. Promotion of Environmental Conservation Measures for High-Technologies
- Section7. Safety Measures for Chemical Substances
- Section8. Environmental Conservation Measures in Land Utilization
- Section9. Promotion of Environmental Education, Preservation Activities, and Public Relations
- Section10. Understanding of Local Environmental Situations
- Chapter7. Current Condition and Measures for Air Pollution, Noise, Vibration, and Offensive Odor
- Section1. Current Condition of Air Pollution
- Section2. Various Measures for Air Pollution
- Section3. Improvement of the Monitoring System
- Section4. Present State of Traffic Pollution and Counter-measures
- Section5. Status of Noise Problem and Measures for Their Control
- Section6. Status of Vibration Problem and Measures for Their Control
- Section7. Status of Offensive Odor and Measures for Their Control
- Chapter8. Current Condition and Measures for Water Pollution
- Section1. Current Condition of Water Pollution and Its Causes
- Section2. Damages Caused by Water Pollution
- Section3. Measures for Water Pollution Control
- 1. Establishment of Environmental Quality Standards
- 2. Tightening of Restrictions on Effluents
- 3. Promotion of Measures for Domestic Effluents
- 4. Improvement of Sewerage System
- 5. Development of Monitoring System
- 6. Measures for Purification
- 7. Measures for Controlling Water Pollution concerning Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
- Section4. Measures to Conserve Water Quality of Enclosed Water Bodies
- Section5. Status of Groundwater Pollution and Measures Against It
- Section6. Status of Marine Pollution and Measures Against It
- Chapter9. Present Status of Other Public Hazards and Countermeasures
- Chapter10. Promotion of Environmental Health Measures
- Chapter11. Settlement of Pollution Disputes and Control of Environmental Crime
- Chapter12. Conservation of the Natural Environment
- Section1. Comprehensive Effort to Conserve the Natural Environment
- Section2. Conservation of Natural Parks
- Section3. Conservation of Forests
- Section4. Protection of Wildlife
- Section5. Improving Facilities, etc. for Contact with Nature
- Section6. Conservation of Natural Environment in Urban Areas
- Section7. Environmental Development of Rivers, Harbors, Fishing Ports, and Coasts
- Section8. Greening Promotion Campaigns
- Chapter13. International Efforts Concerning Global Environmental Conservation
- Section1. Efforts toward Global Environmental Problems
- 1. Countermeasures for global warming
- 2. Countermeasures for Protection of the Ozone Layer
- 3. Countermeasures for Acid Deposition
- 4. Conservation of Forests, Particularly Tropical Forests
- 5. Protection of Wildlife
- 6. Conservation Countermeasures for the Marine Environment
- 7. Countermeasures for Trausboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes
- 8. Prevention of Desertification
- 9. Dealing with Pollution Problems in Developing Countries
- Section2. Efforts by International Organizations, Etc.
- Section3. International Cooperation Based on Other Treaties, Etc.
- Section4. Environmental Cooperation, Etc. for Developing Countries
- Section5. Surveys and Research on Global Environment
- Section6. Overseas Public Information, Etc.
- Section1. Efforts toward Global Environmental Problems
- Chapter14. Surveys and Research into Environmental Conservation
- Section1. Promotion of Research at National Environ-mental Research Centers
- Section2. Promotion of Survey and Research Concerning Environmental Conservation
- 1. Ongoing Survey and Research
- 2. Environmental Research at National Institutions
- 3. Surveys and Research Funded by the Budget for Encouragement and Coordination of Comprehensive Surveys and Research for Environmental Conservation
- 4. Surveys and Research Funded by the Budget for Survey and Research for Environmental Pollution Prevention
- 5. Other Research and Assistance to Research at National Level
- 6. Research by Local Governments
- Chapter15. Promotion of Other Environmental Administration
- Section1. Improved Accuracy of Environment Measurement and Analysis
- Section2. Training of Personnel for Environmental Administration
- Section3. Health Measures at Schools
- Section4. Environmental Conservation Policies by Local Governments
- Section5. Development of Environmental Pollution Control Systems in the Private Sector
- Chapter6. Comprehensive Promotion of Environmental Administration
Preface
This annual government report on environmental administration is the first report to be issued since the adoption of the Basic Environ-ment Plan in December 1994.
In this report, therefore, for policies adopted by the government in FY1995, the previous structure of the report was changed to instead describe the situation in line with the format of the Basic Environment Plan. But as the plan was adopted, in the second half of FY1994, the format used in last year's report was retained for policies adopted by the government during FY1994. For the next report, it is intended to follow the structure of the Basic Environment Plan, even for policies adopted by the Government.
In Part I, following the recommendations made by the Group on the Global Environment in the 21st Century (Chairman : Dr. Jiro Kondo), in a report titled "Toward Creation of a New Civilization." submitted to the prime minister in January 1995, an extensive examina-tion of human civilization and the global environment, in terms of the relationship between ancient civilization and the environment and the problems of modern civilization and the future direction to be taken are made in Chapter l.
In Chapter 2, the environmental problems of the Asia-Pacific region are taken up. The regional environment with which Japan has deep relations is surveyed, the current situation ,and future prospects are examined, and discussion is made on the policies that will be required by Japan and the other countries in the region to build a sustainable society. In Chapter 3, the survey on Japan's environment is carried, positioning it as an inventory stock viewed from the future, and cover-ing the current situation through a number of topics that include soil, natural environment in countryside and areas with high human impacts.
Furthermore, in Chapter 4, the importance of future implementa-tion of highly effective environmental policies is underscored, regardless of whether they be from national or lo,cal public entities, or from the private sector. With viewpoints along this line, a number of examples of the state of progress for specific policies are examined. Moreover, following the,se viewpoints, somewhat more details of the Basic Envi-ronment Plan are given. Last of all, in Chapter 5, the latest and basic environmental data that make up the background for Chapters 1-4 are presented. Also in this report, in Section 10 of Chapter 5 the environmen-tal effects of the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake is featured.
Environmental issues attract much interest these days, and many people are promoting engagement in it from their various standpoints. Unfortunately, it is difficult to show that there has been visible improve-ment to urban and daily-life type pollution or to global environmental issues. Moreover, demands for a higher quality life of mingling and coexisting with nature have been increasing. '
Each one of us is now faced with the current environmental situation, 'and with the historic problems and socioeconomic system o,f the modern civilization that has shaped it. Nevertheless, we can, through our own will and action, help a sustainable new global civilization take shape.