Quality of the Environment in Japan 1990

contents

• Chapter1. Environmental Issues In The Globalization Era
  • I. Expanding Scope of Environmental Problems
    • 1. Trends in Japan in the World Over the Global Environment
    • 2. Expanding Scope of Global Environmental Problems
    • 3. Global Environment Issue as Interaction of Various Environmental Problems
  • II. Energy and the Environment
    • 1. Environmental Problems in Energy Consumption
    • 2. Structure for Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emission
    • 3. Approaches and Studies
    • 4. Working for Shift to Environment Conserving Type Energy Use
  • III. Forest Resources and Environment
    • 1. Diversified Values of Forests and Issues on Development and Utilization
    • 2. Japan's Ties with Forest Resources
    • 3. Approach to Pertinent Forest Management
    • 4. Future Policy Evolution for Sustainable Utilization of Forest Resources
• Chapter2. Toward Actions Friendly To The Earth--Starting With Things Around Us
  • I. Comprehensive Policy Response and Leadership--the State's Role
    • 1. Formulation of Basic Strategy and Comprehensive Promotion of Policy
    • 2. Drastic Strengthening of Energy-and Resource-saving Measures
    • 3. Integration of Environmental Conservation with Economic Policy
    • 4. Enhancement of the People's Consciousness and Establishment of Environment Ethics
  • II. From Communities to the Globe--Approach by Local Governments
    • 1. City Planning Friendly to the Environment
    • 2. Adopting Activities with Small Loads on the Environment and Their Introduction to the Local Community
    • 3. Participation and Cooperation in Surveys, Researches, Observation and Monitoring of Global Environment
    • 4. Offer of Information to Residents, Enhancement of Consciousness and Support to NGOs
  • III. Private Responsibilities and Their Contributions
    • 1. To Understand Relations Between Their Own Corporate Performance and Global Environment Issues
    • 2. For Corporations to Reduce Loads of Their Own Performance, Products and Technology on Global Environment
    • 3. To Develop Environmental Technology
    • 4. To Give Consideration to Counterpart Countries' and Global Environment in Abroad Investment and Trade
    • 5. To Evolve Activities Positively Contributing to Conservation of the Environment
  • IV. Grass-roots Movement--Global Citizens' Role
    • 1. To Deepen Recognition of Issues on the Environment
    • 2. To Reduce Loads on the Environment in the Daily Life
    • 3. Positive Participation in Activities for Environmental Conservation
  • V. Aid to Developing Countries for Sustainable Development
    • 1. Government-to-Government Cooperation in Environmental Issues-With Special Reference to Official Development Aid (ODA)
    • 2. Stepping up Future Government-Based Cooperation in Environmental Issues
    • 3. Environmental Cooperation by Local Governments and in Private Sector
• Chapter3. Present State of the Environment
  • I. Present State of Environmental Pollution
    • 1. Air Pollution
    • 2. Water Pollution
    • 3. Noise
    • 4. Vibration
    • 5. Offensive Odors
    • 6. Soil Pollution
    • 7. Land Subsidence
    • 8. Wastes
    • 9. Chemicals
  • II. Present Situation of Natural Environment
    • 1. State of Natural Environment
    • 2. Present State of Wildlife
• Chapter4. Comprehensive Promotion Of Environment Administration
  • I. Budget for Environment Conservation
    • 1. Outline of Budget, Financial Investments and Loans
    • 2. Budget for Environment Conservation
    • 3. Loan, Subsidy and Tax Measures for Pollution Prevention, Etc.
    • 4. Allocation of Costs for Pollution Prevention Projects by Entrepreneurs
  • II. Environmental Impact Assessment
  • III. Community-Rooted Environment Conservation
    • 1. Promotion of Environmental Management
    • 2. Promotion of Building of Amenity Areas and Friendly to the Environment
  • IV. Environmental Pollution Control Programs
    • 1. Outline of Environmental Pollution Control Programs
    • 2. Formulation of Environmental Pollution Control Programs for Fifth Set of Areas
    • 3. Promotion of Implementation of Environmental Pollution Control Programs, Etc.
  • V. Environment Protection Against Impacts of High Technology
  • VI .Safety of Chemicals
    • 1. Promotion of Measures on Safety of Chemicals
    • 2. Comprehensive Environmental Survey on Safety of Chemicals
    • 3. Outline of Survey on Residue of Designated Chemical Substances in the Environment
    • 4. Outline of Survey on Non-intentionally-Generated Chemical Substances in the Environment
  • VII. Environment Conservation in Land Utilization
    • 1. Rationalization of Land Utilization
    • 2. Rationalization of Industrial Location
    • 3. Development Green Buffer Belts
  • VIII. Public Information and Education
    • 1. Public Information
    • 2. Environmental Education
• Chapter5. Air Pollution, Noise, Vibration, Offensive Odor--Present State And Measures
  • I. Present State of Air Pollution
  • II .Measures Against Various Air Pollutants
    • 1. Measures Against Sulfur Oxides Pollution
    • 2. Measures Against Nitrogen Dioxides Pollution
    • 3. Measures Against Particulate Matter
    • 4. Measures Against Petrochemical Air Pollution
    • 5. Protection of Ozone Layer
    • 6. Other Air Pollutants
  • III. Development of Monitoring System
  • IV. Traffic Pollution--Present State and Measures
    • 1. Comprehensive Promotion
    • 2. Measures Against Road Traffic Pollution
    • 3. Measures Against Aircraft Noise
    • 4. Measures Against Shinkansen's Noise and Vibration
    • 5-4 Pollution Prevention Programs
      • 5-4-1 Outline of Pollution Prevention Programs
      • 5-4-2 Formulation of Pollution Prevention Programs in Fiscal 1991
      • 5-4-3 Present Status of Implementation of Pollution Prevention Programs
  • V. Noise--Present State and Measures
    • 1. Present State of Noise
    • 2. Measures Against Noise
  • VI .Vibration--Present State and Measures
    • 1. Present State of Vibration
    • 2. Countermeasures for Vibration
  • VII. Offensive Odors--Present State and Measures
    • 1. Present State of Offensive Odors
    • 2. Measures for Prevention of Offensive Odors
• Chapter6. Water Pollution--Present State And Measures
  • I. Water Pollution--Present State and Cause of Pollution
    • 1. Present State
    • 2. Causes
  • II. Damage Caused by Water Pollution
    • 1. Pollution of Tap Water Supply
    • 2. Pollution of Industrial Water
    • 3. Damage on Agriculture
    • 4. Damage on Fisheries
    • 5. Other Damage
  • III. Prevention of Water Pollution
    • 1. Establishment of Environmental Quality Standards
    • 2. Strengthening of Controls on Effluence.
    • 3. Miscellaneous Household Effluent
    • 4. Sewer Systems
    • 5. Surveillance and Monitoring System
    • 6. Measures for Purification
    • 7. Water Pollution in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
  • lV. Conservation of Water Quality of Closed Water Areas
    • 1. Areawide Total Pollution Load Control
    • 2. Eutrophication
    • 3. Environment of Lakes and Reservoirs
    • 4. Environmental Conservation of the Seto Inland Sea
  • V. Groundwater Pollution--Present State and Measures
    • 1. Present State of Groundwater Pollution
    • 2. Measures Against Groundwater Pollution
  • VI. Marine Pollution-Present State and Measures
    • 1. Present State of Marine Pollution
    • 2. Prevention of Marine Pollution
    • 3. Oil Pollution Compensation
• Chapter7. Other Pollution--Present State And Measures
  • I. Present State of Waste Treatment and Measures
    • 1. Present State of Waste Treatment
    • 2. Measures for Treatment of Waste
  • II. Ground Subsidence
    • 1. Present State of Ground Subsidence
    • 2. Countermeasures for Ground Subsidence
  • III. Soil Pollution--Present State of Pollution and Improvement Measures
    • 1. Present State of Soil Pollution
    • 2. Soil Pollution-Related Measures
  • IV .Pollution by Agricultural Chemicals--Present State and Measures
    • 1. Present State of Pollution by Agricultural Chemicals
    • 2. Measures Against Pollution by Agricultural Chemicals
• Chapter8. Environmental Health Measures
  • I. Compensation and Prevention of Pollution-Related Health Damage
    • 1. System of Compensation and Prevention of Pollution-Related Health Damage
    • 2. Diseases by Air Pollution
    • 3. Minamata Disease
    • 4. Itai-Itai Disease
    • 5. Chronic Arsenic Poisoning
  • II. Surveys and Researches on Environmental Health
    • 1. Surveys and Researches on Health Impacts by Air Pollution
    • 2. Surveys and Researches on Health Effects by Cadmium, Etc.
• Chapter9. Settlement Of Environmental Pollution Disputes And Control Of Environmental Pollution Offenses
  • I. Environmental Pollution Disputes and Grievances about Environmental Pollution
    • 1. Environmental Pollution Disputes
    • 2. Grievances about Environmental Pollution
  • II. Environmental Pollution Offenses
• Chapter10. Conservation Of Natural Environment
  • I. Comprehensive Promotion of Measures for Conservation of Natural Environment
    • 1. Basic Survey on Conservation of Natural Environment
    • 2. Designation of Areas for Conservation of Natural Environment
    • 3. Surveys on Areas for Conservation of Natural Environment
    • 4. Dissemination of Awareness of Importance of Nature Conservation and Promotion of Nature Conservation Education
    • 5. Conservation of Nature with the People's Involvement
  • II. Conservation of Natural Parks
    • 1. Designation of Natural Parks and Review of Park Programs
    • 2. Protection of Nature in Natural Parks
    • 3. Purchase of Privately-owned Land for Conservation Of Nature
    • 4. Protection and Appropriate Utilization of Natural Parks and Nearby Nature
    • 5. Facilities in Natural Parks
    • 6. Guidance to Users of Natural Parks
  • III. Conservation of Wildlife
  • IV .Conservation of Natural Environment in Forests
    • 1. Forest Programs
    • 2. Protection Forests
    • 3. Conservation and Management of Protection Forests
  • V .Nature Conservation in Urban Areas and Cultural and Historic Environment
    • 1. Nature Conservation in Urban Areas
    • 2. Conservation of Cultural Properties and Historic Environment
  • VI. Sound Utilization of Natural Environment
    • 1. Hot Springs, Rest Facilities and Outdoor Activity Facility Areas
    • 2. Golf Links and Nature Conservation
    • 3. Environment of Rivers and Ports and Harbors
  • VII. Greening Movement Evolution of Greening Movement
• Chapter11. Surveys And Researches On Environment Protection
  • I .Studies by National Institute for Environmental Studies
    • 1. Strengthening of Research System
    • 2. Replenishment of Research Activities
  • II. Surveys and Researches on Environment Protection
    • 1. Surveys and Researches at Present
    • 2. Environmental Researches and Studies by National Institutions
    • 3. Surveys and Researches with Fund for Promotion and Coordination of Comprehensive Surveys and Researches on Environment Conservation
    • 4. Researches and Studies by Local Governments
• Chapter12. Promotion Of International Grappling With Environment Conservation
  • I. Grappling Questions on Global Environment
  • II. Bilateral Cooperation Under Conventions, Etc.
  • III. Environmental Cooperation with Developing Countries
  • IV. Promotion of Public Information Overseas, Etc.
• Chapter13. Environmental Protection By Local Governments And Private Sector
  • I. Environment Protection by Local Governments
    • 1. Present State of Organizations and Staff Officials in Charge of Local Environmental Administration
    • 2. Enactment of Decrees
    • 3. Environmental-Pollution Prevention Agreements
    • 4. Costs for Measures Against Environmental Pollution
  • II. System for Prevention of Environmental Pollution in Private Sector
    • 1. Execution of Environmental-Pollution Prevention and Control System by Entrepreneurs
• Appendices
  • Appendix1. Organization and Functions of the Environment Agency
    • 1. Background
    • 2. Administrative Responsibilities
    • 3. Organization
    • 4. Administrative Responsibilities of the Bureaus
    • 5. National Institute for Environmental Studies
    • 6. National Institute for Minamata Disease
  • Appendix2. National Standards
    • 1. Ambient Air Quality Standards
    • 2. Environmental Quality Standards for Noise
    • 3. Environmental Water Quality Standards (Dec. 28, 1971, Amendments 1974, 1975, 1982, 1985)
    • 4. National Emission Standards
    • 5. National Effluent Standards (June 21, 1971; Amendments 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1986)
  • Appendix3. Environmental Statistics
    • 1. Budget and Public Financing
    • 2. Settlement of Pollution-related Disputes and Police Handling of Pollution Offences
    • 3. Major Nature Reserves and Natural Parks
    • 4. Environmental Administration by Local Government
    • 5. Environmental Monitoring Air (As or March 1987)
  • Appendix4. Major Environmental Issues In FY1989