Japanese views on decision 2/CP.3, para. 4.

According to Article 2.2 of the Kyoto Protocol, the Parties included in Annex I shall pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol from aviation and marine bunker fuels, working through the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Marine Organization (IMO), respectively. Both ICAO and IMO have been studying options to reduce or limit emissions from bunker fuels. The outcome of their work will be reported to the next ICAO Assembly in fall 2001 and the 44 th session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of IMO in March 2000, respectively.

As pointed out in document FCCC/SBSTA/1999/INF.4, allocation of responsibility for emissions from international banker fuels to Parties closely relates to issues on inventory and control measures. Therefore, appropriate allocation should be considered from the viewpoint of equity and rationality, taking into account the work of ICAO and IMO on control measures.

We should avoid preemptive discussion on allocation at this stage, when the work of ICAO and IMO on control measures are under way, so as not to prejudge the discussion on control or reduction measures at these international organizationsWe should avoid prejudicing the outcome of the ongoing work of ICAO and IMO on control and reduction measures by having a prior discussion on allocation under UNFCCC. However, to promote the work of ICAO and IMO, we propose that it is necessary to identify outstanding issues concerning the allocation of emissions from international bunker fuels through, for example, expert meetings including the representatives from ICAO and IMO under the framework of UNFCCC process, and to discuss at SBSTA on what advice to be given to ICAO and IMO.