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21,738,000 Yen (FY1996 6,716,000 Yen)
To estimate influence on electric power systems by photovoltaic(PV) generation systems deployed over a wide area, it is important to know the geographical distribution of hourly output from very many PV generation systems, which in turn is due to the geographical distribution of hourly solar irradiation and installation site distribution. A set of formulae are developed based on meteorological observation and satellite images to estimate hourly solar irradiation distribution. Using geographical distribution of hourly output power from very many residential PV generation systems deployed on a nation-wide scale and regional electricity generation characteristics, decrease in annual carbon dioxide(CO2) emission per installed capacity of PV generation systems was evaluated for the service areas of nine electric utilities in Japan. For the life cycle assessment of PV generation systems, data were collected about the production processes of various types of PV modules with a detailed survey of silicon production. Energy payback and life-cycle carbon dioxide emission of various PV generation systems were estimated with a sensitivity analysis to find the influence by the production rate of PV cells and technological improvement. From these results, life-cycle effect to reduce carbon dioxide emission by the use of residential photovoltaic generation systems on a large scale was evaluated assuming a scenario of introducing PV systems into the generation system in Japan up to the year 2010. Moreover, potential merit of PV module recycling was investigated to mitigate disposal problem expected to arise from the deployment of very many PV systems in the future.
Photovoltaic generation system, Geographical distribution, Life-cycle assessment, Carbon dioxide emission reduction, Recycling