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14,493,000 Yen
Energy consumption in urban area depends on socio-economical factors, life style, level of country's development and climate. Urban energy consumption in household, commercial and office, transportation and manufacturing sectors were estimated in Sapporo, Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya, Osaka, Kobe and Fukuoka. Household energy consumption per person in Sapporo was significantly high due to cold climate, whereas other cities showed rather small variation. Energy consumption in these 7 cities had fairly good correlation with regional GDP. Per capita energy consumption in large cities was higher than other area in China, though energy consumption per GDP was rather low in cities. Much higher energy was consumed in Bangkok than nation's average. Increase both in population and in per capita energy consumption with the change of life cycle would surely bring tremendous increase of energy consumption in expanding urban area in developing countries. Effect of temperature on energy consumption in Japan and China was estimated from available energy consumption data. Kerosene consumption in Japan and coal consumption in China showed good correlation with heating degree month (standard temperature: 18℃). Japanese cities in cold region is much more sensitive to temperature change than Chinese cities/regions. Expected decrease in heating energy consumption was high in Japanese cities in cold region due to high sensitivity against temperature. A computer simulation system was developed to evaluate feasibility and effectiveness of use of waste heat for heating/cooling in urban area to minimize energy consumption. Geographical information of Tokyo Metropolitan area was used to calculate energy demand as well as production of sewage and solid waste, which are energy source.
Energy consumption, Simulation, Urban area, Waste heat recovery, Climatic impact