Areas - Water Quality Control - Industrial Sources

Environmental Technologies with Co-benefits

Technology Methane fermentation for starch effluent
(Start factory of Agricultural Cooperative of Shihoro City)
Overview After pH adjustment of the effluent containing organic substance of high concentration, methane fermentation is performed to decompose the organic substance so that effluent is purified.  Decomposed organic substances are used as fuel gas.  The remaining organic substance of the supernatant liquor in the methane fermentation tank is subjected to secondary treatment by nitrification and denitrification and membrane separation activated sludge method.  Then it is discharged into a river.
Company Toshiba Corp.
Area Industrial effluent
SubArea Methane fermentation
Technology Methane fermentation for Shochu (distilled spirit) lees
(Shochu lees recycling plant)
Overview The residue of alcohol fermentation and distillation discharged from the sweet potato Shochu manufacturing process, sugar cane waste, and effluent of rice washing are subjected to high-temperature methane fermentation (at 55℃).  After the secondary treatment, such residues are discharged into the sewerage system.  The recovered methane is used as dry fuels for making fuels from the dehydrated cake discharged from the existing methane fermentation tank.
Company Kajima Corporation
Area Industrial effluent
SubArea Methane fermentation
Technology Extra-high pressure gasified methane fermentation system for waste food
Overview The defective and returned products in precooked food manufacturing process (bread, bean curd, noodles, etc.) are sorted out and crushed and is subjected to anaerobic treatment together with factory effluent. Simultaneously with effluent treatment, the crushed organic substances can be recovered as fuel methane gas.
The recovered methane gas is used as a heat source for the factory in generating stream and electric power and in drying.
Company Shinko Environmental Resolution, Kurita Industries, Ebara Corporation, Kubota Kasui Corporation, Mitsubishi Kakoki Kaisha, Ltd., etc.
Area Industrial effluent
SubArea Methane fermentation
Technology Barn wastewater treatment
(Mixing of animal excreta and methanation of pig house wastewater)
Overview The barn excreta are solubilized in a solubilizer tank. After separation of solids, methane fermentation is performed. Digester supernatant liquor is subjected to biological treatment including nitrification and denitrification. Electricity and stream are produced by the methane gas generated from the digester, and are supplied to the treatment site. The separated solids are made into compost fertilizer.
In excreta mixing treatment, the concentration of raw water, nitrogen in particular, is high, as compared with the excreta separation type. It is important to take measures for reducing the environmental load in combination with the feed component management by giving consideration to siting conditions.
Company Mori Plant Co., Ltd.
Area Industrial effluent
SubArea Methane fermentation
Technology Barn wastewater treatment
(Methanization of dairy cow barn wastewater)
Overview Solids contained in the barn excreta are composted and wastewater is subjected to methane fermentation. After that, it is reduced to the pasture. After the surplus liquid compost has been dehydrated, the supernatant liquor is subjected to membrane activated sludge treatment, and is discharged. The dehydrated residue is composted and is made into fertilizer. The generated biogas is used as fuel of the cogenerator and is employed to supply power to the barn wastewater treatment facilities and to heat the methane fermentation tank. The garbage consists of household refuse and school lunch garbage.
Company Kyowa Exio Inc.
Area Industrial effluent
SubArea Methane fermentation
Technology Pulp manufacturing effluent (KP)
Overview In the pulp manufacturing process, the pulp yield rate in the step of cooking is about 50%. Such organic substances as lignin and hemi-cellulose leach out into the cooking chemicals. This diluted black liquid is discharged from the cooking kiln and is separated from the pulp by a cleaning device. After that, it is concentrated by a multiple-effect evaporator so that solid contents will account for 70% or more. The eva-drain water formed by concentration of the steam produced in this process of concentration is subjected to methane fermentation and the organic substance (mainly composed of methanol) in the wastewater is decomposed into methane so that purification is performed. The recovered methane is used as thermal energy.
Company Ebara Corporation
Area Industrial effluent
SubArea Methane fermentation
Technology Pulp manufacturing effluent (SP)
Overview In the SP manufacturing process, the pulp yield rate in the step of cooking is about 50%.
Such organic substances as lignin and hemi-cellulose leach out into the cooking chemicals. This diluted black liquid is discharged from the cooking kiln and is separated from the pulp by a cleaning device. After that, it is concentrated by a multiple-effect evaporator so that solid contents will account for 70% or more.
The eva-drain water formed by concentration of the steam produced in this process of concentration is subjected to methane fermentation and the organic substance (mainly composed of acetic acid) in the wastewater is decomposed into methane so that purification is performed. The recovered methane is used as thermal energy.
Company Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.  (Ezu, Yuhbarai, Iwakuni), IHI, etc.
Area Industrial effluent
SubArea Methane fermentation
Technology Membrane type activated sludge treatment
(Industrial effluent treatment)
Overview The solid/liquid separation of the MLSS in an activated sludge treatment facility is normally performed in a settling tank. This technique employs a membrane instead of a settling tank. Since the solid/liquid separation is easy, the MLSS concentration inside the aeration tank can be kept at a higher level. This allows the aeration tank capacity load to be set to a level 3 to 5 times higher than the normal level. Since the settling tank can be omitted, equipment space saving is achieved. The treatment water is better than that for the conventional activated sludge treatment. The membrane used is exemplified by an MF membrane and UF membrane. The modularized flat membrane or hollow membrane with consideration given to measures against furring is immersed in the aeration tank. This immersion type membrane separator is also used in the process of denitrification and tertiary treatment.
Company Kurita Water Industries Ltd.
Area Industrial effluent
SubArea Aerobic biological treatment
Technology Membrane type activated sludge treatment
(Excreta separation pig house wastewater aerobic treatment)
Overview The excrement and urine of pigs are sorted and collected in a pig house and the excrement is composted.  Urine is provided with coagulant to remove the mixed solids.  After that, it is subjected to nitrification, denitrification and membrane type activated sludge treatment, and is then discharged.  Separated solids are mixed with excrement and are composted.  As compared with excreta mixing type process, the excreta separation treatment is characterized by a lower, nitrogen in particular, raw water concentration.  It is important to take measures for reducing the environmental load in combination with the feed component management by giving consideration to siting conditions.
Company Mori Plant Co., Ltd.
Area Industrial effluent
SubArea Aerobic biological treatment
Technology Membrane type activated sludge treatment
(Sewage treatment)
Overview Solid/liquid separation of MLSS in the activated sludge treatment facility is normally performed in a settling tank.
This technique employs a membrane instead of a settling tank.
Since the solid/liquid separation is easy, the MLSS concentration inside the aeration tank can be kept at a higher level. This allows the aeration tank capacity load to be set to a level 3 to 5 times higher than the normal level. Since the settling tank can be omitted, equipment space saving is achieved. The treatment water is better than that for the conventional activated sludge treatment. The membrane used is exemplified by an MF membrane and UF membrane. The modularized flat membrane or hollow membrane with consideration given to measures against furring is immersed in the aeration tank. This immersion type membrane separator is also used in the process of denitrification and tertiary treatment.
Company Kubota, Ltd.
Area Industrial effluent
SubArea Aerobic biological treatment
Technology Composite organic wastewater biological treatment
(Night soil and digestion tank sludge treatment)
Overview In this system, the natural purification performed by soil fungi under the ground is artificially performed in an incubator. This method is characterized by high-load treatment. Since the margin of sludge load (BODkg/kgMLSS/d) is increased, the BOD elimination rate is higher than that in the standard activated sludge method.
Further, this method ensures treatment of wastewater having a high concentration of BOD10,000 mg/l or more, without any dilution.
Company Chisso Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd.
Area Industrial effluent
SubArea Aerobic biological treatment
Technology Hearth type biological treatment
(Industrial effluent treatment, purification by rivers, lakes and marshes)
Overview Sewage horizontally moves in the reactor filled with a globular carrier having a diameter of 10 cm which is formed by bonding crushed stones with a diameter of 2 to 3 cm with resin. The reactor is supplied with air. Aerobic and anaerobic microbiotas are formed on the surface and clearance of the carrier. The organic substance contained in the polluted water is purified by these microbes.
This technique was put to a field test in the technological area of organic drainage treatment for small-sized business establishments under the Ministry of the Environment in fiscal 1996. This technique was assessed according to the Evaluation of Ministry of Construction (in 1994) and the Evaluation in the New Technological Requirement of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (in 2003).
Company AquaTech/Masaki Facility
Area Industrial effluent
SubArea Aerobic biological treatment
Technology Black liquor combustion energy recovery
(Sodium collection boiler)
Overview In the pulp manufacturing process, the pulp yield rate in the step of cooking is about 50%.  Such organic substances as lignin and hemi-cellulose leach out into the cooking chemicals.  This diluted black liquid is discharged from the cooking kiln and is separated from the pulp by a cleaning device.  After that, it is concentrated by a multiple-effect evaporator so that solid contents will account for 70% or more.  This concentrated black liquor is combusted (naturally in the steady state) and is used as a heat source for pulp production.  In the meantime, the inorganic sulfur compound is reduced to sodium sulfide and is captured as smelts including the sodium carbonate on the bottom of the boiler.  Further, it is made water-soluble in a dissolving tank (green liquid).  It is provided with quick lime and is reproduced as cooking chemicals (white liquid).  The quick lime turned into calcium carbonate in this case is baked in a kiln and is reduced to quicklime.
Company Kawasaki Plant Systems, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Babcock Hitachi, etc.
Area Industrial effluent
SubArea Combustion
Technology Pelletization, drying and creation of fuels
(Sewage sludge)
Overview The dehydrated sludge having a water content of 65 to 85% is mixed, kneaded and pelletized.  Then hot air is directly blown into the sludge so that a bio-solid fuel having a diameter of 2 to 5 mm is produced.  Dried and polluted sludges are mixed with coal as fuels for power generation.
Company Nippon Steel Engineering, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., Ebara Corporation, Hitachi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., etc.
Area Public sewage
SubArea Pelletization, drying
Technology Carbonization and creation of fuels
(Sewage sludge)
Overview The sewage dehydrated sludge is baked at about 500℃ for 1 hour to produce granular carbonized fuels.  Carbonized fuels are uses as fuels (with a mixing ratio of about 1%).
Company Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Hitachi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., Ebara Corporation, Kawasaki Plant System, Sumitomo Heavy Industry Environment Co., Ltd., etc.
Area Public sewage
SubArea Carbonization
Technology Activated carbonization equipment
(Sewage sludge)
Overview While being crushed, the massive sewage dehydrated sludge is brought in contact with hot air in the pneumatic conveying dryer so that granular dry sludges are produced.  This is followed by the step of transporting these sludges to the carbonizing furnace by the ribbon screw.  Then the sludges are carbonized and activated by the externally heated screw carbonizing furnace under the low oxygen atmosphere having a temperature of 800 to 900℃, whereby activated carbon is produced.
Company Kawasaki Plant System
Area Public sewage
SubArea Activated carbonization
Technology Production of biogas
(Sewage sludge)
Overview The surplus sludge and raw sludge generated at the sewage treatment site are subjected to methane fermentation by a digester.  In the conventional system, the digester was separated into 2 tanks; a solid/liquid separator and a thickener.  In the up-to-date version, the 1-level digestion is the mainstream system, where the concentration of the sludge to be input is increased by mechanical and other means, without requiring use of a solid/liquid separation thickener.  The dwell time in 1-level digestion is 20 days, and fermentation is performed at 35℃.  An oval digester may be used in addition to a cylindrical digester, as the case may be.  The sewage sludge has a calorific value of about 4,500 kcal/dry-kg.
Company Kajima Corporation, Shimizu Corporation, etc.
Area Public sewage
SubArea Methane fermentation
Technology Composting equipment
(Sewage sludge)
Overview To permit the use of sewage sludge in a green agricultural land, the dehydrated sludge independently or mixed with coarse organic substances is stabilized by aerobic fermentation.  This is called the compost (sludge compost).  This is called a composting process.  The basic process of the composting equipment is classified into 3 steps as illustrated below; a preadjustment step, fermentation step and production step.  Composted sludges are ranked as sewage sludge fertilizers (ordinary fertilizers).
Company Ebara Corporation, Takuma Co., Ltd., etc.
Area Public sewage
SubArea Composting
Technology Fine bubble aeration device
Overview Fine air bubbles having a diameter of about 1 mm are generated to increase the oxygen dissolution rate.
Company Hitachi Plant Technology, Sanki Industries, NGK Insulators, Ltd., Suido Kiko Co., Ltd., etc.
Area Public sewage
SubArea Energy conservation
Technology Submersible agitator
Overview A horizontal axis type agitator gradually increases the speed of the sewage in the tank by the jet stream generated by the agitation blade. This permits agitation by making effective use of a gigantic circulating flow within the tank, with the result that a greater amount of energy can be saved than that in the vertical shaft type device.
The horizontal type device includes a high-speed submersible agitator having a smaller blade diameter, which makes a greater contribution to the production of a compact configuration of reduced weight. The energy loss is increased by the difference in speeds between the jet stream and circulating flow in the tank.
Company Shin Meiwa Industry Co., Ltd., JFE Engineering (oval digester agitating screw type), etc.
Area Public sewage
SubArea Energy conservation
Technology Energy conservation measures
Overview Energy conservation measures require updating of the equipment.  Thus, inverter control is available.  Further, improvement of the operation management can be achieved by the techniques of intermittent operations, control of the number of devices and optimization of the operation preset values.
Company  
Area Public sewage
SubArea Energy conservation

Other Environmental Technologies/Water quality

(Published in November, 2013. All rights reserved)

(Published in March, 2010. All rights reserved)

Cases

Year Case Sector Country
2011- Co-benefits Type Wastewater Treatment at a Fish Processing Factory [PDF 114KB] Water Quality Indonesia
2011-2013 Co-benefits Cooperation in the Agricultural Sector [PDF 115KB] Water Quality Indonesia

Tools

Evaluation Tools

Technical Guidelines / Water Quality

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